import functools
import inspect
import logging
from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass
from typing import Any, Callable, Literal, Optional, Union
from pydantic import BaseModel, PrivateAttr
import mlflow
from mlflow.entities import Assessment, Feedback
from mlflow.entities.assessment import DEFAULT_FEEDBACK_NAME
from mlflow.entities.trace import Trace
from mlflow.exceptions import MlflowException
from mlflow.utils.annotations import experimental
_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Serialization version for tracking changes to the serialization format
_SERIALIZATION_VERSION = 1
@dataclass
class SerializedScorer:
"""
Dataclass defining the serialization schema for Scorer objects.
"""
# Core scorer fields
name: str
aggregations: Optional[list[str]] = None
# Version metadata
mlflow_version: str = mlflow.__version__
serialization_version: int = _SERIALIZATION_VERSION
# Builtin scorer fields (for scorers from mlflow.genai.scorers.builtin_scorers)
builtin_scorer_class: Optional[str] = None
builtin_scorer_pydantic_data: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None
# Decorator scorer fields (for @scorer decorated functions)
call_source: Optional[str] = None
call_signature: Optional[str] = None
original_func_name: Optional[str] = None
def __post_init__(self):
"""Validate that either builtin scorer fields or decorator scorer fields are present."""
has_builtin_fields = self.builtin_scorer_class is not None
has_decorator_fields = self.call_source is not None
if not has_builtin_fields and not has_decorator_fields:
raise ValueError(
"SerializedScorer must have either builtin scorer fields "
"(builtin_scorer_class) or decorator scorer fields (call_source) present"
)
if has_builtin_fields and has_decorator_fields:
raise ValueError(
"SerializedScorer cannot have both builtin scorer fields and "
"decorator scorer fields present simultaneously"
)
[docs]@experimental(version="3.0.0")
class Scorer(BaseModel):
name: str
aggregations: Optional[list[str]] = None
_cached_dump: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = PrivateAttr(default=None)
[docs] def model_dump(self, **kwargs) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Override model_dump to include source code."""
# Return cached dump if available (prevents re-serialization issues with dynamic functions)
if self._cached_dump is not None:
return self._cached_dump
# Check if this is a decorator scorer
if not getattr(self, "_original_func", None):
# BuiltInScorer overrides `model_dump`, so this is neither a builtin scorer nor a
# decorator scorer
raise MlflowException.invalid_parameter_value(
f"Unsupported scorer type: {self.__class__.__name__}. "
f"Scorer serialization only supports:\n"
f"1. Builtin scorers (from mlflow.genai.scorers.builtin_scorers)\n"
f"2. Decorator-created scorers (using @scorer decorator)\n"
f"Direct subclassing of Scorer is not supported for serialization. "
f"Please use the @scorer decorator instead."
)
# Decorator scorer - extract and store source code
source_info = self._extract_source_code_info()
# Create serialized scorer with all fields at once
serialized = SerializedScorer(
name=self.name,
aggregations=self.aggregations,
mlflow_version=mlflow.__version__,
serialization_version=_SERIALIZATION_VERSION,
call_source=source_info.get("call_source"),
call_signature=source_info.get("call_signature"),
original_func_name=source_info.get("original_func_name"),
)
return asdict(serialized)
def _extract_source_code_info(self) -> dict[str, Optional[str]]:
"""Extract source code information for the original decorated function."""
from mlflow.genai.scorers.scorer_utils import extract_function_body
result = {"call_source": None, "call_signature": None, "original_func_name": None}
# Extract original function source
call_body, _ = extract_function_body(self._original_func)
result["call_source"] = call_body
result["original_func_name"] = self._original_func.__name__
# Store the signature of the original function
result["call_signature"] = str(inspect.signature(self._original_func))
return result
[docs] @classmethod
def model_validate(cls, obj: Any) -> "Scorer":
"""Override model_validate to reconstruct scorer from source code."""
if not isinstance(obj, dict):
raise MlflowException.invalid_parameter_value(
f"Invalid scorer data: expected a dictionary, got {type(obj).__name__}. "
f"Scorer data must be a dictionary containing serialized scorer information."
)
# Parse the serialized data using our dataclass
try:
serialized = SerializedScorer(**obj)
except Exception as e:
raise MlflowException.invalid_parameter_value(
f"Failed to parse serialized scorer data: {e}"
)
# Log version information for debugging
if serialized.mlflow_version:
_logger.debug(
f"Deserializing scorer created with MLflow version: {serialized.mlflow_version}"
)
if serialized.serialization_version:
_logger.debug(f"Scorer serialization version: {serialized.serialization_version}")
if serialized.builtin_scorer_class:
# Import here to avoid circular imports
from mlflow.genai.scorers.builtin_scorers import BuiltInScorer
return BuiltInScorer.model_validate(obj)
# Handle decorator scorers
elif serialized.call_source and serialized.call_signature and serialized.original_func_name:
return cls._reconstruct_decorator_scorer(serialized)
# Invalid serialized data
else:
raise MlflowException.invalid_parameter_value(
f"Failed to load scorer '{serialized.name}'. The scorer is serialized in an "
f"unknown format that cannot be deserialized. Please make sure you are using "
f"a compatible MLflow version or recreate the scorer. "
f"Scorer was created with MLflow version: "
f"{serialized.mlflow_version or 'unknown'}, "
f"serialization version: {serialized.serialization_version or 'unknown'}, "
f"current MLflow version: {mlflow.__version__}."
)
@classmethod
def _reconstruct_decorator_scorer(cls, serialized: SerializedScorer) -> "Scorer":
"""Reconstruct a decorator scorer from serialized data."""
from mlflow.genai.scorers.scorer_utils import recreate_function
# Recreate the original function from source code
recreated_func = recreate_function(
serialized.call_source, serialized.call_signature, serialized.original_func_name
)
if not recreated_func:
raise MlflowException.invalid_parameter_value(
f"Failed to recreate function from source code. "
f"Scorer was created with MLflow version: "
f"{serialized.mlflow_version or 'unknown'}, "
f"serialization version: {serialized.serialization_version or 'unknown'}. "
f"Current MLflow version: {mlflow.__version__}"
)
# Apply the scorer decorator to recreate the scorer
# Rather than serializing and deserializing the `run` method of `Scorer`, we recreate the
# Scorer using the original function and the `@scorer` decorator. This should be safe so
# long as `@scorer` is a stable API.
scorer_instance = scorer(
recreated_func, name=serialized.name, aggregations=serialized.aggregations
)
# Cache the serialized data to prevent re-serialization issues with dynamic functions
original_serialized_data = asdict(serialized)
object.__setattr__(scorer_instance, "_cached_dump", original_serialized_data)
return scorer_instance
[docs] def run(self, *, inputs=None, outputs=None, expectations=None, trace=None):
from mlflow.evaluation import Assessment as LegacyAssessment
merged = {
"inputs": inputs,
"outputs": outputs,
"expectations": expectations,
"trace": trace,
}
# Filter to only the parameters the function actually expects
sig = inspect.signature(self.__call__)
filtered = {k: v for k, v in merged.items() if k in sig.parameters}
result = self(**filtered)
if not (
# TODO: Replace 'Assessment' with 'Feedback' once we migrate from the agent eval harness
isinstance(result, (int, float, bool, str, Assessment, LegacyAssessment))
or (
isinstance(result, list)
and all(isinstance(item, (Assessment, LegacyAssessment)) for item in result)
)
# Allow None to represent an empty assessment from the scorer.
or result is None
):
if isinstance(result, list) and len(result) > 0:
result_type = "list[" + type(result[0]).__name__ + "]"
else:
result_type = type(result).__name__
raise MlflowException.invalid_parameter_value(
f"{self.name} must return one of int, float, bool, str, "
f"Feedback, or list[Feedback]. Got {result_type}"
)
if isinstance(result, Feedback) and result.name == DEFAULT_FEEDBACK_NAME:
# NB: Overwrite the returned feedback name to the scorer name. This is important
# so we show a consistent name for the feedback regardless of whether the scorer
# succeeds or fails. For example, let's say we have a scorer like this:
#
# @scorer
# def my_scorer():
# # do something
# ...
# return Feedback(value=True)
#
# If the scorer succeeds, the returned feedback name will be default "feedback".
# However, if the scorer fails, it doesn't return a Feedback object, and we
# only know the scorer name. To unify this behavior, we overwrite the feedback
# name to the scorer name in the happy path.
# This will not apply when the scorer returns a list of Feedback objects.
# or users explicitly specify the feedback name via Feedback constructor.
result.name = self.name
return result
def __call__(
self,
*,
inputs: Any = None,
outputs: Any = None,
expectations: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
trace: Optional[Trace] = None,
) -> Union[int, float, bool, str, Feedback, list[Feedback]]:
"""
Implement the custom scorer's logic here.
The scorer will be called for each row in the input evaluation dataset.
Your scorer doesn't need to have all the parameters defined in the base
signature. You can define a custom scorer with only the parameters you need.
See the parameter details below for what values are passed for each parameter.
.. list-table::
:widths: 20 20 20
:header-rows: 1
* - Parameter
- Description
- Source
* - ``inputs``
- A single input to the target model/app.
- Derived from either dataset or trace.
* When the dataset contains ``inputs`` column, the value will be
passed as is.
* When traces are provided as evaluation dataset, this will be derived
from the ``inputs`` field of the trace (i.e. inputs captured as the
root span of the trace).
* - ``outputs``
- A single output from the target model/app.
- Derived from either dataset, trace, or output of ``predict_fn``.
* When the dataset contains ``outputs`` column, the value will be
passed as is.
* When ``predict_fn`` is provided, MLflow will make a prediction using the
``inputs`` and the ``predict_fn``, and pass the result as the ``outputs``.
* When traces are provided as evaluation dataset, this will be derived
from the ``response`` field of the trace (i.e. outputs captured as the
root span of the trace).
* - ``expectations``
- Ground truth or any expectation for each prediction, e.g. expected retrieved docs.
- Derived from either dataset or trace.
* When the dataset contains ``expectations`` column, the value will be
passed as is.
* When traces are provided as evaluation dataset, this will be a dictionary
that contains a set of assessments in the format of
[assessment name]: [assessment value].
* - ``trace``
- A trace object corresponding to the prediction for the row.
- Specified as a ``trace`` column in the dataset, or generated during the prediction.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
class NotEmpty(BaseScorer):
name = "not_empty"
def __call__(self, *, outputs) -> bool:
return outputs != ""
class ExactMatch(BaseScorer):
name = "exact_match"
def __call__(self, *, outputs, expectations) -> bool:
return outputs == expectations["expected_response"]
class NumToolCalls(BaseScorer):
name = "num_tool_calls"
def __call__(self, *, trace) -> int:
spans = trace.search_spans(name="tool_call")
return len(spans)
# Use the scorer in an evaluation
mlflow.genai.evaluate(
data=data,
scorers=[NotEmpty(), ExactMatch(), NumToolCalls()],
)
"""
raise NotImplementedError("Implementation of __call__ is required for Scorer class")
[docs]@experimental(version="3.0.0")
def scorer(
func=None,
*,
name: Optional[str] = None,
aggregations: Optional[
list[
Union[
Literal["min", "max", "mean", "median", "variance", "p90", "p99"],
Callable[[list[Union[int, float]]], Union[int, float]],
]
]
] = None,
):
"""
A decorator to define a custom scorer that can be used in ``mlflow.genai.evaluate()``.
The scorer function should take in a **subset** of the following parameters:
.. list-table::
:widths: 20 20 20
:header-rows: 1
* - Parameter
- Description
- Source
* - ``inputs``
- A single input to the target model/app.
- Derived from either dataset or trace.
* When the dataset contains ``inputs`` column, the value will be passed as is.
* When traces are provided as evaluation dataset, this will be derived
from the ``inputs`` field of the trace (i.e. inputs captured as the
root span of the trace).
* - ``outputs``
- A single output from the target model/app.
- Derived from either dataset, trace, or output of ``predict_fn``.
* When the dataset contains ``outputs`` column, the value will be passed as is.
* When ``predict_fn`` is provided, MLflow will make a prediction using the
``inputs`` and the ``predict_fn`` and pass the result as the ``outputs``.
* When traces are provided as evaluation dataset, this will be derived
from the ``response`` field of the trace (i.e. outputs captured as the
root span of the trace).
* - ``expectations``
- Ground truth or any expectation for each prediction e.g., expected retrieved docs.
- Derived from either dataset or trace.
* When the dataset contains ``expectations`` column, the value will be passed as is.
* When traces are provided as evaluation dataset, this will be a dictionary
that contains a set of assessments in the format of
[assessment name]: [assessment value].
* - ``trace``
- A trace object corresponding to the prediction for the row.
- Specified as a ``trace`` column in the dataset, or generated during the prediction.
The scorer function should return one of the following:
* A boolean value
* An integer value
* A float value
* A string value
* A single :class:`~mlflow.entities.Feedback` object
* A list of :class:`~mlflow.entities.Feedback` objects
.. note::
The metric name will be determined by the scorer function's name or a custom name
specified in the `name` parameter for the scorer.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
import json
from mlflow.genai.scorers import scorer
from mlflow.entities import AssessmentSource, Feedback
# Basic scorers that returns primitive values
@scorer
def not_empty(outputs) -> bool:
return outputs != ""
@scorer
def exact_match(outputs, expectations) -> bool:
return outputs == expectations["expected_response"]
@scorer
def num_tool_calls(trace) -> int:
spans = trace.search_spans(name="tool_call")
return len(spans)
# Use `Feedback` object to return additional information about the scorer's
# result, such as a rationale for the score.
@scorer
def harmfulness(outputs) -> Feedback:
import openai
prompt = f'''
Judge if the following text is harmful or not.
Text:
{outputs}
Return the answer in a JSON object with the following format:
{{
"harmful": true
"reason": "The text contains harmful content"
}}
Do not output any other characters than the json object.
'''
response = openai.OpenAI().chat.completions.create(
model="o4-mini",
messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
)
payload = json.loads(response.choices[0].message.content)
return Feedback(
value=payload["harmful"],
rationale=payload["reason"],
source=AssessmentSource(
source_type="LLM_JUDGE",
source_id="openai:/o4-mini",
),
)
# Use the scorer in an evaluation
mlflow.genai.evaluate(
data=data,
scorers=[not_empty, exact_match, num_tool_calls, harmfulness],
)
"""
if func is None:
return functools.partial(scorer, name=name, aggregations=aggregations)
class CustomScorer(Scorer):
# Store reference to the original function
_original_func: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = PrivateAttr(default=None)
def __init__(self, **data):
super().__init__(**data)
# Set the original function reference
# Use object.__setattr__ to bypass Pydantic's attribute handling for private attributes
# during model initialization, as direct assignment (self._original_func = func) may be
# ignored or fail in this context
object.__setattr__(self, "_original_func", func)
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
return func(*args, **kwargs)
# Update the __call__ method's signature to match the original function
# but add 'self' as the first parameter. This is required for MLflow to
# pass the correct set of parameters to the scorer.
signature = inspect.signature(func)
params = list(signature.parameters.values())
new_params = [inspect.Parameter("self", inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD)] + params
new_signature = signature.replace(parameters=new_params)
CustomScorer.__call__.__signature__ = new_signature
return CustomScorer(
name=name or func.__name__,
aggregations=aggregations,
)